Lab Report on Paper Towels Essay Example

Lab Report on Paper Towels Essay Example Lab Report on Paper Towels Paper Lab Report on Paper Towels Paper The purpose of this experiment is to find out which brand of paper towel, Decorator or Sparkle, is stronger and more absorbent. Of the two brands that will be tested, the Sparkle brand will absorb the most liquid because it has the thirst pockets and will be the strongest because it feels thicker. Materials and Methods For the first experiment we did the test for strength. We used a 600 ml beaker which we placed the sample paper towel over the opening of the beaker. The size of the sample towel was 234 mm. The paper towel was held it in place with a standard rubber band that was wrapped around the top of the beaker one time. We then took 5 ml of water and poured onto the paper towel. The weights that we used were 27 g each. The weights were placed on the paper towel one weight at a time until the paper towel ripped. The total amount of weight that it took to rip the paper towel was recorded. The process was then repeated for the second brand of paper towel. For the second experiment we did a test for absorbency. We used a graduated cylinder which was filled with 100 ml of water. The paper towel, which was . 34 mm, was immersed into the water for 15 seconds. The paper towel was removed from the water and allowed to drip until the drips were 25 seconds apart. At that time, the amount of water that was left in the cylinder was recorded. The difference in what was left and the amount that was originally in the cylinder is the amount of liquid that each paper towel held. The process was then repeated for the second brand of paper towel. The independent variable for the experiment was the paper towels. The dependent variable was the absorbency and strength. The constants for the experiment were the size of he paper towels that were used, the amount of water, the size of the beaker, the size of the cylinder and the amount of the weight. Results The results of the experiment for the test of strength were that the Sparkle brand proved to be the strongest. The average amount that the paper towel would hold before ripping was 583. 6 g, which was 159. 2 g more than the Decorator brand held. The Decorator brand only held 424. 4 g before it ripped. The results of the experiment for the test of absorbency were that the Sparkle brand proved to be the most absorbent. The average amount of liquid that the Sparkle brand paper Lowell held was 17. 4 ml which was 4. 6 ml more than the Decorator brand held.

Biography of Georges Seurat, Father of Pointillism

Biography of Georges Seurat, Father of Pointillism Georges Seurat (December 2, 1859 – March 29, 1891) was a French painter of the post-impressionist era. He’s best known for developing the techniques of pointillism and chromoluminarism, and one of his iconic paintings was instrumental in ushering in the era of Neo-Impressionism. Fast Facts: Georges Seurat Full Name:  Georges-Pierre SeuratOccupation: ArtistKnown For: Creating the techniques of pointillism and chromoluminarism, with scenes emphasizing smooth lines and colors blended by visual observation, not mixed pigmentsBorn: December 2, 1859 in Paris, FranceDied: March 29, 1891 in Paris, FrancePartner: Madeleine Knobloch (1868-1903)Children: Pierre-Georges (1890-1891), unnamed child (died at birth, 1891)Notable Works:  Bathers at Asnià ¨res, A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, The Channel of Gravelines, Petit Fort Philippe Early Life Georges Seurat was the third and youngest child of Antoine Chrysostome Seurat and Ernestine Seurat (nà ©e Faivre). The couple already had a son, Émile Augustin, and a daughter, Marie-Berthe. Thanks to Antoine’s success in property speculation, the family enjoyed considerable wealth. Antoine lived separately from his family, visiting them weekly rather than living under the same roof. Georges Seurat began studying art early; his first studies occurred at the École Municipale de Sculpture et Dessin, an art academy run by the sculptor Justin Lequien near the Seurat family’s home in Paris. In 1878, he moved to the École des Beaux-Arts, where his studies followed the typical courses of the time, focusing on copying and drawing from existing works. He finished his artistic training in 1879 and left for a year of military service. Early Career and Innovation When he returned from his military service, Seurat shared a studio with his friend and fellow artist Edmond Aman-Jean, where he worked to master the art of monochrome drawing. In 1883, he had his first work exhibited: a crayon drawing of Aman-Jean. The same year, he spent most of his time working on his first major painting, Bathers at Asnià ¨res. Final Study for Bathers at Asnieres by Georges Seurat. Francis G. Mayer / Getty Images Although Bathers at Asnià ¨res had some impressionistic influences, specifically in its use of light and color, it broke from that tradition with its textures and outlined figures. His process also departed from impressionism, as he sketched out several drafts of the piece before actually starting to work on the final canvas itself. The painting was rejected by the Paris Salon; instead, Seurat showed it in May 1884 at the Groupe des Artistes Indà ©pendants. Among that society, he met and befriended several other artists. However, the society’s disorganization soon frustrated Seurat and some of his friends, and together, they split from the Indà ©pendants to create a new artists’ society of their own, called the Socià ©tà © des Artistes Indà ©pendants. Georges Seurat was heavily influenced by contemporary ideas about color theory, which he tried to apply to his own works. He subscribed to the idea of a scientific approach to painting with color: that there was a natural law to the way colors worked together to evoke emotion in art, similar to how musical tones worked together in harmony or dissonance. Seurat believed that he could create a new artistic â€Å"language† using perception, color, and lines. He called this theoretical visual language â€Å"chromoluminarism;† today, it’s included under the term divisionism, referring to how the technique requires the eye to combine adjacent colors, rather than the artist mixing pigments before painting. Family Life and Famous Work Right on the heels of the debut of Bathers at Asnià ¨res, Seurat began work on his next piece, which would come to be his most famous and enduring legacy. A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte depicts members of different social classes all spending a leisure afternoon at a park on the waterfront of the Seine in Paris. Sunday on the Island of la Grande Jatte by Georges Seurat. To create the painting, Seurat used his color and pointillism techniques, using tiny dots of individual colors overlapping and adjacent to each other so that they would be â€Å"blended† by viewers’ eyes, rather than mixing the paints themselves. He also prepared for the painting by spending significant time at the park he depicted, sketching his surroundings. The resulting painting measures 10 feet wide and currently is displayed at the Art Institute of Chicago. A smaller, related study, Study for A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, resides in New York City in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Although Seurat never married, he had a significant romantic relationship with Madeleine Knobloch, an artist’s model. She was the model for his 1889/1890 painting Jeune femme se poudrant, but they took pains to conceal their relationship for some time. In 1889, she moved into Seurats apartment, and she became pregnant sometime in 1889. The couple moved to a new apartment to accommodate their family, and Knobloch gave birth to their son, Pierre-Georges, on February 16, 1890. Final Years and Legacy During the summer of 1890, Seurat spent most of his time at the commune of Graveline, along the coast. He was incredibly prolific that summer, producing four canvas paintings, eight oil panels, and several drawings. Out of his works from that time period, the most notable was his painting The Channel of Gravelines, Petit Fort Philippe. The Channel at Gravelines, in the Direction of the Sea by Georges Seurat. Francis G. Mayer / Getty Images Georges Seurat began working on another painting, The Circus, but he did not live to continue innovating and working. In March 1891 he fell ill, and on March 29, he died at his parents’ home in Paris. The nature of the illness that caused his death is unknown; theories include meningitis, diptheria, and pneumonia. Whatever the illness was, he passed it on to his son Pierre-Georges, who died weeks later. Madeleine Knobloch was pregnant at the time, but their second child did not survive long after birth. Seurat was buried on March 31, 1891 at Cimetià ¨re du Pà ¨re-Lachaise, the largest cemetery in Paris. He left behind a legacy of significant artistic innovation, despite dying at the very young age of 31. Seurat’s use of color and his work with pointillism have been his most enduring artistic legacies. In 1984, nearly a century after his death, Seurat’s most famous painting became the inspiration for a Broadway musical by Stephen Sondheim and James Lapine. Sunday in the Park with George is inspired by the painting, and the first act of the musical depicts Seurat himself in a highly fictionalized way, imagining his creative process. The musical focuses more on his artistic pursuits but also does depict a fictionalized version of his personal life, notably in the character of his mistress â€Å"Dot,† who seems to be an avatar for Madeleine Knobloch. Art students still study Georges Seurat today, and his influence on other artists began not long after his death. The cubist movement looked at his linear structures and form, which then influenced their ongoing artistic developments. And of course, even young children in the modern world learn about pointillism, usually through A Sunday Afternoon. Despite his short life, Georges Seurat established himself as a key and permanent player in the art world. Sources Courthion, Pierre. â€Å"Georges Seurat: French Painter.† Encyclopaedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Georges-Seurat.Georges Seurat, 1859–1891. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. 1991Jooren, Marieke; Veldink, Suzanne; Berger, Helewise.  Seurat. Krà ¶ller-Mà ¼ller Museum, 2014.

Persuasive Memo With Business Improvement Suggestions Essay

Persuasive Memo With Business Improvement Suggestions - Essay Example This is because the online customers will be able to access our products easily and raise views and questions at the same time. It is very unfortunate that the previous financial report shows that the company performance is not pleasing. This is because it reported a 10.3% decrease in return on investment. This shows that the profits are diminishing and an action to improve on the same is required. In order to solve this problem, I have come up with a proposal on creative ways. Persuade Cafe is a company with a good profile from its customers and the quality of its products. Also, the quality services offered to the customers are not questionable at all since their needs are met within a short time. This is clear from the survey done from 732 respondents where majority were content with our services and products. In addition, the survey shows that some customers do not know some of the products existing in Persuade Cafe like espresso drinks. Following the responses of the customers, I request the company to start advertising campaigns, improve on products and introduce new products in the market. The advertising campaigns will focus on prospective customers who are not aware of products and services offered. It will also educate the consumers on how to use the products in order to get the best result. Some of the customers are not aware on where they can obtain some of the company’s products. ... In another dimension, most of the products will be purchased due to the presence of free samples. In order to market the products widely, there is need to use media group like television, radios and newspapers. Introduction of new products in the market is another suggestion that will increase the returns. New types of coffee, tea, bakery and soft drinks will not only increase sales, but also create a competitive advantage to the company (Ober, 2007). The company will be in a position to compete with its competitors like Starbacks who also deal with almost the same products. The survey shows that there are complains on the quality of the products and services. Pastry is one product that many consumers are complaining about. Also, bakery items and espresso drinks are of low quality, which can lead to loss of customers due to lack of satisfaction. This was the main reason why the head of business development, Christopher, was disappointed by the customer survey results. In order to cat er for all consumers, I suggest Persuade Cafe to rebrand its products into small and big quantities. Since customers have different tastes and preferences, it is important to have the goods in different packages and colors. This will increase returns in the short run as well as in the long run and also attract fair competition. Having in mind that the economy is not performing well and the status of the company, this project costs a substantive amount of money, but you are assured of immediate return. Advertising, rebranding and packaging costs are all variable to the company hence easy to meet. Advertising campaigns and rebranding will enable the company maintain its current customers and attracting others. Quality products and services give the

Strategic management analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic management analysis - Essay Example The Paper will also suggest several recommendations that will be deemed as helpful in improving the Coffee house’s operations within the United States market. A Brief History of Starbucks. Starbucks is an American global corporation that specializes in selling coffee in its various coffee houses situated all over the world. Its main base of operations is currently at Seattle, Washington. The first Starbucks coffee shop opened its doors in the Seattle Springs area of Washington in 1971 and the company has grown to become the largest coffee house company in the world. It boasts of having about 19,972 stores which are spread out in 60 countries across the globe. Most of the company’s branches are currently located in the United States with an approximately 12,937 branches. ... Starbucks has also expanded its current investments into the entertainment industry and through its Starbucks Entertainment division as well as its hear Music brand, it also markets films, books and music. Most of the company’s product offerings are found to be not only seasonal but also specifically tailored particularly to satisfy the requirements of customers in the locality that the branch is located. Some of its branded products such as coffee and ice cream are sold in grocery stores all over the United States (Starbucks 2012). The United States Coffee House Market The Coffee Shop business and the entire coffee industry have had a significant boom over the recent years. This is especially so in the case of the specialty coffees offered by the industry. The market for these coffees has registered significant growth that has been spurred by the growing trend of the consumers becoming increasingly educated about the industry’s espresso-based drinks as well as how they are made (Starbucks 2012). According to research data conducted by First Research, the United States is host to about 20,000 coffee shop businesses whose total combined revenue has been estimated to stand at $10 billion as of 2011. More than 50% of these sales have been seen to be generated by the country’s top 50 coffee shop operators. Most of the county’s coffee shop operators have increasingly been spreading their business into the international market with Starbucks reporting to having set up shop in over 5,500 licensed locations outside the United States in 2010 (Green and Keegan 2012). The average gross margin for a single coffee shop in the country is

Historically Australian Indigenous Art Is Often Politically or Spiritually Motivated Essay Example for Free

Historically Australian Indigenous Art Is Often Politically or Spiritually Motivated Essay Historically Australian art is often politically or spiritually motivated. This statement is proved by a number of indigenous Australian artists including, Nellie Nakamarra Marks, who uses traditional techniques and motives to relay her spirituality, and Tony Albert, who recontextualises mainstream items, to create a postmodern collection, challenging the idea of stereotypical representations in mainstream culture. All spiritual beliefs in Aboriginal culture relate back to the idea of creation and dreaming. The dreaming is the ongoing cultural and spiritual progression that informs identity and knowledge, which is expressed through traditional indigenous art. This reflects a spiritual connection to the land, which is represented by signs and symbols as well as other various techniques, which are unique to traditional indigenous art. Signs and symbols can represent a particular location, object or landmark, or a particular story or totem that would be specific to a particular tribe, corroboree or dreamtime story. In traditional indigenous artworks, there is no perspective or fixed vanishing points for landscape artworks because indigenous Australians do not see their environment as a landscape, but their particular world and universe. They create a concept of place by using signs and symbols to create a map-like artwork, which represents their particular ‘world’ and universe. Essentially, traditional indigenous Australian artists are painting their spirituality, by expressing their connection to the land through signs, symbols and their world. Nellie Nakamarra Marks is a traditional indigenous artist, from the east of Kintore in the Northern Territory. In her work Kalipinypa, there is no set pattern and everything is connected which suggests her spiritualty and connection with the land. Her use of the traditional form of dot painting for her particular area of the Central Desert Region symbolises her world as she sees it, and how she heard about it through stories. In the middle of the right hand side there is lack of colour, which could symbolise a particular place that has particular spiritual significance. The dark shapes also look like leaves, which could represent the end of season and the coming of autumn, which is supported by the deep, vibrant colours in the painting. The colours also represent her region and place in Australia. The many different varieties of the same shapes could symbolise diversity within their own tribe, as well as the different shapes and movements of the land. The purpose of this artwork is to educate and pass on a particular story to younger generations. Postmodern art challenges mainstream ideas, which usually creates a political or social statement about modern society. Contemporary indigenous art in particular would be classified as postmodern because the artists are communicating their feelings and thoughts about certain aspects of society in modern Australia, which in turn, challenges some pre conceived notions about indigenous Australians in today’s society. These particular works by Tony Albert are postmodern, because he recontextualises items from recent history, that were used to create an unrealistic connection between White Australia and indigenous Australia in the 50’s and 60’s, to challenge history, both politically and socially. Tony Albert’s collection recycles kitsch black velvet paintings produced in Australia in the 1950’s and 1960’s. These velvet paintings were very popular in the last fifty years as home decorations, and like many objects from this period, they were characterized by their depictions of Aboriginal people as simple folk. These ornaments enabled white Australians of the time to have a distant and unrealistic connection to indigenous people. Albert recontextualises these paintings by introducing stenciled slogans to the paintings to create a complex and identifiable character. He uses the languages of politics and pop culture to reconnect the artworks with modern Australia and therefore reality. These slogans reclaim the faces of the aboriginals, transferring them from helpless and cute, to bold and complex, which asserts a modern identity and sense of self. This makes the characters more personal, which then creates a connection between the viewer and the subject that is mimicked throughout the collection. The slogans are derived from pop songs, nursery rhymes, advertising, political speeches and life stories, which has launched these velvet paintings into a new identity, which enables the viewer to connect with the characters beyond a stereotyped context. The generic and common velvet paintings have become empowered and personalized, asserting a new sense of self, which makes this collection truly compelling. This collection by Tony Albert, addresses the issue of stereotypical representations of indigenous Australians in mainstream culture. He challenges this present and historic issue of cultural alienation and displacement experienced by Indigenous Australians by appropriating slogans and recontextualising them to create a sense of lost identity and estrangement. Through the use of many different mediums, Aboriginal artists are motivated by their spirituality or political standpoint to produce art. This is shown by Nellie Nakamarra Marks, who is motivated by her connection to the land and her spirituality, and Tony Albert, who was trying to communicate the stereotypical views of indigenous Australians in mainstream culture. Kalipinypa – NELLIE NAKAMARRA MARKS Acrylic on linen, 90? 90cm Kalipinypa – NELLIE NAKAMARRA MARKS Acrylic on linen, 90? 90cm.

Higher Education Essay -- College University Money Knowledge Essays

Higher Education A college education. Many parents and even parents-to-be are bombarded with this goal, sometimes before their child is even born. How will they save? What is the best way to save? How much should they save? Magazines for new parents deal with this issue on a regular basis. Parents are warned in American Baby, "Start early...Eighteen years from now...a college education will cost close to $85,000 at a public university and just over $200,000 at a private institution." Parents are also advised to save around $115-284 a month from their child's birth. Another issue of American Baby suggests that parents "Start saving as soon as you can, and put money in regularly." These magazines work on the assumption that parents will be sending their children to college. It is just a given. Why is it just understood that we will be sending the next generation to college? What has changed so much since the days when only the wealthy (and male) went to college? Today a college education is available to many more people, with the availability of grants and Stafford (guaranteed student) loans, given they have the desire, some level of intelligence, and often a willingness to go into debt for their education. According to www.house.gov, "Over the last 15 years, the cost of a public 4-year college education has increased by 234%. In comparison, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) increased by 74% and family incomes have risen only 82%." They also state that "The price of a college education has increased two to three times the rate of inflation since the early 1980's." The Global Institute, at www.edgorg.com, says that today there exists a "growing difficulty of moderate income families to pay for college" with st... ...order to get better jobs and earn more money, to get to the good life, yet influenced by what colleges want them to learn and what employers want them to know: these all may or may not be the same thing. What employers want out of college graduates is also based on money: who can do the job the fastest and best, who can save or make money for the business. What is clear is that the university or college which is purely a "meeting of the minds," a place for people to gather and learn for the sake of learning, seems to be becoming a thing of the past. It is being replaced by an increasingly commercialized system of higher education: one that costs more and more each year--with the cost rising much faster than the rate of household incomes, and one that is being altered by the needs of an increasingly diverse student population and the needs of the business world.

Micah

How does the life and ministry of Jesus reflect the words of this verse from Micah? Christians believe that Jesus Christ was a man who lived about 2,000 years ago in Palestine and that he was the Son of God. By his death and Resurrection, Christians believe Jesus saved people from their sins. They try to follow Jesus’ example in their daily lives and use his teachings as a guide to how God wishes them to live. In Micah chapter 6 verse 8 stated that â€Å"he has showed you, o man, what is good. And what does the Lord require of you? To act justly and to love mercy and to walk humbly with your God.† This would mean that God requires us to do things justly and treat others without partiality; thus, loving other people regardless of his race, background and weaknesses and be sober in spirit. In addition, this verse talks about the very nature of Jesus Christ. We learn that Jesus Christ is the son of God who is full of compassion and believes as the author of perfect love. He comes to the world in obedience and love to the father in order to show his great love to everyone that while we are still sinners Jesus Christ die for us. Jesus Christ knows that our final destination is on hell because our impurities separate us from God. But because of his love, he does an amazing decision that will help us to be in heaven. Jesus Christ has been compassionate to those who are poor (especially to those who are spiritually blind and gone astray). His ultimate expression of love is when he obeys God the father to lay down his life for the benefit of everyone in spite of the fact that he is not guilty of sin. Jesus Christ doesn’t deserve the death that he is been through but he sacrifices himself in exchange for the salvation of the mankind; thus, he has never been selfish and never withholds his life because of his great love for his people. He doesn’t want to see everyone perish but come into repentance. He wants everyone to have an access to God the father through his death and resurrection. It is been written in the Bible that without the remission of blood there is no forgiveness so once and for all, Jesus Christ die for us so that we can receive forgiveness through his name and to end our sacrificial offering when we sin. Jesus Christ becomes our sacrificial lamb and his precious blood cleanses us as we ask forgiveness from him. He has done everything because of his great love for us. Moreover, Jesus Christ is a just individual. He does not condemn people who sin or commit mistakes but he listens heartily and forgives them if the individual confesses his sins. Just like the Samaritan woman who has many husbands. The woman is guilty of sin because she commits adultery. When Jesus meets her on the well, he never rejects her but is able to talk to the woman and asks for a drink. The woman tries to make alibis but Jesus talks to her in a sober manner. He even asks her about her husband and the woman is convicted of her sin so she replies that she has many husbands. Jesus already learns about it because he is an all-knowing God but despite of that, Jesus never judge the woman but instead tell her to go to her husband and sin no more. The woman feels such joy because that is the first time she has not been condemned by a Jew and most especially a Savior has forgiven her sin. Although Jesus Christ is 100% God and 100 % man and owns the riches that we can never think of yet he walks humbly with his people. He never brags his riches. He comes to the world to serve and not to be served. He walks with different kinds of people; may it be rich or poor. Jesus Christ even associates with out cast people who are suffering from leprosy. Many officials especially the Pharisees question his motives yet they cannot find any fault on him because they know that Jesus Christ has perfectly obeyed the word of God. Many scholars try to scrutinize the authenticity of divinity of Jesus Christ. This is not new anymore because even during the time of Jesus, there were people who â€Å"doubt† his identity especially the Pharisees because they were threatened by his presence. For other religions, they consider Jesus as prophet and not a God. But of all the prophets that we have on the face of the earth, only the name of Jesus Christ that was ever recorded in the history that he himself raised from the dead and through his name, an individual can cast out demons. Isn’t that amazing?   

Background and Motivation Essay

The terms â€Å"corporate blog† or â€Å"business blog† have appeared very often in both of newspapers and academic journals. Increasing attention has been paid in understanding this new phenomenon. According to the Investor Business Daily, â€Å"there are 45% USA’s largest public companies have corporate blogs. † (where is your citation – is this also Klosek? ) Business Week has proposed the following: â€Å"Corporate blog is a blog used by the company to reach some goals. It helps businesses communicate internally more cheaply and effectively than workflow management software and e-mails. † A corporate blog can be one of the more successful popular communication tools after the E-mail, ICQ and MSN. In 2006, Business Week Online issued that â€Å"A Weblog (or blog) can be a powerful marketing tool, but it can also expose a business to a legal minefield. † As reported by Jacqueline Klosek, â€Å"Blogs can be used to market a company’s products and services, facilitate communications with clients, and even counter negative publicity† (Klosek, 2006). Several studies have pointed out the advantages of employing corporate blogging, citing that corporate blogging may be a tool for search engine marketing; a means of building good relationships with the customer; building of a company’s reputation; helping to put human voice to a company; serving as a way for employees and customers to communicate; and a tool for directly and immediately getting the customer’s feedback. There are still many threats that may hinder the adoption of the corporate blog, such as legal impediments with regards to violation of intellectual property rights and mismanagement leading to an eventual downfall of the organization; the disclosure of trade secrets can jeopardize the blogger’s career since this problem may cause his termination from the position, and also â€Å"Careless statements posted on a company-sanctioned blog can come back to haunt the company through litigation and other avenues† Klosek (2006) stresses. Since the study and research in corporate blogging phenomenon is still in its early days, scholars who have conducted empirical studies only focus on the benefits and risks when adopting the corporate blog, or the motivation behind creating corporate blog. It’s lack of analyzing the existing utilization and the effects of corporate blog from a systematic theoretical perspective. the DOI theory (Rogers, 1995, 2003) becomes mature, it can be applied in explaining how and why an innovation can be widely adopted and diffused. In order to find out the reasons indicate why corporate blog as a new innovation has been widely adopted and successful diffused, the DOI theory can be an effective framework for analyzing corporate blogging phenomenon. Thus, this paper aims to determine why the corporate blog as a new innovation is being widely adopted and used by the both the individual blogger and various IT organizations; the motivation in adopting blogging; the benefits of the corporate blog to organizations; and the reasons for its success. The research also tries to explain how and why the corporate blog is welcomed and has become a popular and successful new innovation, and the compatibility of its utilization with the existing values of its users. Thus, the author has conducted an empirical study in order to answer these problems from the Diffusion of Innovation theory (DOI) perspective. IT industry companies have been selected as samples for this study.

Hazards of Toxic waste essays

Hazards of Toxic waste essays The macabre aftermath of the tragedy of Bhopal in India may not capture headlines today, but gruesome memories of it remain and nightmares continue to haunt the victims. Bhopal is a classic example of massive leakage of Methyl Isocyanate, but indiscriminate disposal of toxic wastes over a long period of time is bound to affect life. Bhopal illustrates the view that, however foolproof an installation or factory is against leakage and pollution, error is possible. Admittedly, man in his bid for industrialization and technological progress creates pollution and the threat of toxic-gas wastes. Toxicity is the price we pay for progress. Mans ingenuity and resourcefulness have helped him adopt measures to contain the problem created by toxic wastes, but pollution continues to be a universal problem. A test carried out in Bayertown in the U.S.A., some five miles away from the Limerick nuclear-power plant, provided the stunning news that the environment was radon-tainted. Radon is produced b y the radioactive breakdown of uranium. It can flow for miles underground and it has long been recognized as a health hazard. The gas disperses quickly outdoors, but indoors it can reach a deadly level of concentration. It is reported that there are other toxic air pollutants that pose a threat in the average home where they are produced by common household products and building materials. The discovery at Bayertown emphasizes the practical problems of disposing of toxic wastes. The ever-present danger of gaseous discharge from factories is underscored by a mishap in Basel, Switzerland. A huge cloud of fetid gas and smoke is said to have spread to neighboring France and West Germany. Exposure to toxic wastes can affect our health. Toxic wastes can affect man through marine organisms and fish. ...

History of the Bicycle

History of the Bicycle A modern bicycle by definition is a rider-powered vehicle with two wheels in tandem, powered by the rider turning pedals connected to the rear wheel by a chain, and having handlebars for steering and a saddle-like seat for the rider. With that definition in mind, lets look at the history of early bicycles and the developments that led up to the modern bicycle. Bicycle History in Debate Up until a few years ago, most historians felt that Pierre and Ernest Michaux, the French father and son team of carriage-makers, invented the first bicycle during the 1860s. Historians now disagree since there is evidence that the bicycle and bicycle like vehicles are older than that. Historians do agree that Ernest Michaux did invent a bicycle with pedal and rotary cranks in 1861. However, they disagree if Michaux made the very first bike with pedals. Another fallacy in bicycle history is that Leonardo DaVinci sketched a design for a very modern looking bicycle in 1490. This has been proven to be untrue. The Celerifere The celerifere was an early bicycle precursor invented in 1790 by Frenchmen  Comte Mede de Sivrac. It had no steering and no pedals but the celerifere did at least look somewhat like a bicycle. However, it had four wheels instead of two, and a seat. A rider would power forward by using their feet for a walking/running push-off and then glide on the celerifere. The Steerable Laufmaschine German Baron  Karl Drais von Sauerbronn invented an improved two-wheel version of the celerifere, called the laufmaschine, a German word for running machine. The steerable laufmaschine was made entirely of wood and had no pedals.  Hence, a rider would need to push his or her feet against the ground to make the machine go forward. Drais vehicle was first exhibited in Paris on April 6, 1818. Velocipede The laufmaschine was renamed the velocipede (Latin for fast foot) by French photographer and inventor  Nicephore Niepce  and soon became the popular name for all the bicycle-like inventions of the 1800s. Today, the term is used mainly to describe the various forerunners of the monowheel, the unicycle, the bicycle, the dicycle, the tricycle and the quadracycle developed between 1817 and 1880. Mechanically Propelled In 1839, Scottish inventor Kirkpatrick Macmillan devised a system of driving levers and pedals for velocipedes  that allowed the rider to propel the machine with feet lifted off the ground. However, historians are now debating if Macmillan actually did invent the first pedaled velocipede, or whether it was just propaganda by British writers to discredit the following French version of events. The first really popular and commercially successful velocipede design was invented by French blacksmith, Ernest Michaux in 1863. A simpler and more elegant solution than the Macmillan bicycle,  Michauxs design included rotary cranks and pedals mounted to the front wheel hub. In 1868, Michaux founded Michaux et Cie (Michaux and company), the first company to manufacture velocipedes with pedals commercially.   Penny Farthing The Penny Farthing is also referred to as the High or Ordinary bicycle. The first one was invented in 1871 by British engineer James Starley. The Penny Farthing came after the development of the French Velocipede and other versions of early bikes. However, the Penny Farthing was the first really efficient bicycle, consisting of a small rear wheel and large front wheel pivoting on a simple tubular frame with tires of rubber. Safety Bicycle In 1885, British inventor John Kemp Starley designed the first safety bicycle with a steerable front wheel, two equally-sized wheels and a chain drive to the rear wheel.

The improvement of diabetes care concept Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The improvement of diabetes care concept - Essay Example It is acknowledged that evidence based practice is rational and logical and research keeps moving forward amassing more and more knowledge, opening many possibilities. Such evidence corroborated research should be implemented in the management so that updated knowledge could improve interventions and quality. The care provided must be constantly evaluated and improved based on new and refined knowledge (Burns and Grove, 2003). Evidence based practice also ensures treatment interventions on the basis of reliable research by integrating clinical expertise, patient information and evidence guidance. The nursing profession is accountable to society for providing high quality, cost-effective care for patients (Burns and Grove, 2003). This study will give two Executive summaries of two articles and an in-depth analysis of another similar research based article. With more research coming out in the field, medical practitioners feel that research evidence based practice is more important for a long term disease like diabetes. Research connected practice is of great significance for my practice and I have chosen this module because of its pertinence to my career. There will be connected literature review closely linked with regional and cultural backgrounds, psychological mindsets and disease management. Di Censo et al (1998) explains evidence-based practice (EBP) as 'The process by which nurses make clinical decisions using the best available research with their clinical expertise and patient preferences in the context of available resources'. Research based practice relies on systematic research studies while evidence considers nurse's clinical experience, practice trends and patient preferences (Newell and Burnar d, 2006). EXECUTIVE SUMMERY OF AN INPATIENT DIABETIC CARE PATHWAY: This study depends on the development and testing of a care pathway for diabetes management examining the impact of length of stay, re-admission, CP driven care advantage and improvement parameters. CP was developed in consultation with ward staff mainly to improve nurse knowledge; but for the use of both medical and nursing staff. Requirement of constant support for staff was examined by measuring staff knowledge before and after trial using questionnaire. Patients were randomised for normal and CP care. According to discharge patient notes assessment CP maintained better care while standard of documentation was similar. Baseline demographics like age, diabetes duration, sex, type of diabetes etc. including intervention period, and follow-up of patients being randomised to either normal care or a care pathway (CP), with a knowledge questionnaire, regarding analyser comparisons between staff located and CP groups were all attended to. Frequency of blood glucose monitoring was monitor ed and was found to be more appropriate to CP group as CP was significantly better quality of care with standard documentation, of both CP and non-pathway groups. Result showed improvement in hospital stay and HbA1c control, but not significantly. CP group had higher knowledge in staff and patient both, with reduction in length of hospitalisation and better quality of